Nginx下Magento配置与性能优化
文章目标：能够成功的使Magento运行于Nginx服务器上，并对Magento的性能进行优化。
阅读前提：对Web服务器配置有一定的经验，知道Nginx和Magento是什么，假设你已经在LAMP环境中安装过Magento，本文对基础环境和Magento的安装不作介绍， 只介绍 Nginx 下的配置以及性能优化。本文所有的配置都是基于Linux环境，Windows可以参考但不一定适用。
软件版本：Nginx:0.7.63; PHP:5.2.x; Mysql: 5.0.x; Magento:1.3.2.4
正文：
一 安装Nginx+PHP+Mysql基础环境
本文不重点介绍这个基础环境的安装，请通过Google搜索相关资料，本文假设Nginx+PHP(fastcgi)+Mysql环境工作正常.
注意事项：PHP版本必须是5.2.x，不能是最新的5.3，不然Magento安装使用时会有String处理的异常出现。
关于这个问题的讨论，参考Magento论坛： http://www.magentocommerce.com/boards/viewthread/29670/P0/
二 Nginx配置文件（本文重点之一，只列出和Magento相关的，并假设Magento安装在web根目录，而不是子目录内）
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.example.com; #修改为你的服务器名
access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /Your/Magento/RootDoc; #修改为你的Magento安装目录
index index.php index.html index.htm;
# rewrite ^(/index.php)?/minify/([^/]+)(/.*.(js|css))$ /lib/minify/m.php?f=$3&d=$2 last;
#上面的这条Rewrite规则是为了性能优化，安装fooman-speedster插件时需要的
if (-f $request_filename) {
expires 30d;
break;
}
if (!-e $request_filename) {
rewrite ^(.+)$ /index.php last;
}
#上面的两条Rewrite规则可以确保Magento在Nginx下完成正常Rewrite工作。
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /Your/Magento/RootDoc$fastcgi_script_name; #修改为你的Magento目录夹
include fastcgi_params; #请检查fastcgi_params文件是否存在， 默认是有的
}
location /app/etc {
deny all;
}
#上面这条规则禁止访问/app/etc/目录夹，防止别人非法读取配置文件，得到密码等信息
}
如果你为Magento安装并使用了SSL证书，请增加下面一个server配置
server {
listen 443;
server_name example.com www.example.com; #同上说明
ssl on; #打开ssl
ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/server.crt; #证书位置，如果有chain证书，把chain证书合并到主证书里
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/server.key; #key位置
#关于证书的配置，以及Chain证书的配置，请参考nginx网站：http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpSslModule
location / {
root /Your/Magento/Dir; #同上说明
index index.php index.html index.htm;
#rewrite ^(/index.php)?/minify/([^/]+)(/.*.(js|css))$ /lib/minify/m.php?f=$3&d=$2 last; #同上说明
if (-f $request_filename) {
expires 30d;
break;
}
if (!-e $request_filename) {
rewrite ^(.+)$ /index.php last;
}
#同上说明
location /app/etc {
deny all;
}
#同上说明
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on; #注意，这是与80端口不一样的地方， 没有这一条，会出现循环重定向问题
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /your/magento/dir$fastcgi_script_name; #同上说明
include fastcgi_params; #同上说明
}
}
三 Magento性能优化(本文重点之二)
Magento是很不错，但性能一直不行，但优化好，完全可以达到实用的目的，采用Nginx服务器本身也是对Magento性能的一种优化。
1 开启gzip进行带宽优化
nginx配置文件， 加入 gzip on;
注意： 如果采用了Apache服务器， 在开启Gzip优化前， 请你注意， 存在一个bug。在苹果系统Safari4 浏览器上会不断出现异常而无法正确显示网站。 这个问题也花了我不少时间， 关于更多这个问题的讨论，请参考Magento官方论坛： http://www.magentocommerce.com/boards/viewthread/34925/ ， 但在nginx服务器上开启gzip后却没有这个问题出现。
2 安装fooman-speedster插件
这个插件的官方网址： www.magentocommerce.com/extension/457/fooman-speedster
这个插件的目的是把CSS和JS压缩和minify，以及把多个CSS，JS文件整合到一个文件里。我本以为目前带宽的情况下没有必要进行这类包挂gzip的优化。但在真实不断测试过程中发现还是很有必要的。 其实最重要的原因不是压缩，而是文件整合，这样可以减少浏览器端不断发出新的连接请求，就像FTP服务器一样，多个小文件和一个大文件耗时是不一样的。在没有缓存的情况下，会发现第一次打开Magento比较慢， 打开后就比较快了。如果你安装了这个插件， 这一情况将得到很大的改善。
安装好这个插件后，需要在nginx配置里增加下面这条rewrite规则：
rewrite ^(/index.php)?/minify/([^/]+)(/.*.(js|css))$ /lib/minify/m.php?f=$3&d=$2 last;
请注意这条规则的位置， 以及请注意这条规则和官方不一样，官方的是因为magento论坛格式转换而出现了一个“；”错误。
3 PHP优化
正常就是zend optimizer， APC， eAccelerator
官方优化文档里面测试比较并推荐了eAccelerator，个人感觉都一样， 上一个就行。
4 Mysql优化
由于Magento采用了InnoDB核，所以Mysql优化还是有必要的， 主要是根据服务器具体情况修改参数，参考Magento官方建议： http://www.magentocommerce.com/blog/comments/performance-is-key-notes-on-magentos-performance/
5 将magento的cache和session文件夹mount到内存里， 提高读取cache和session的速度
mount -t tmpfs -o size=256M,mode=0777 tmpfs /var/html/var/cache/
mount -t tmpfs -o size=64M,mode=0777 tmpfs /var/html/var/session/
#注意修改为你的文件夹路径，为了能够重启后生效，请在/etc/fstab文件里加入
tmpfs /var/html/var/cache/ tmpfs size=256,mode=0777 0 0
tmpfs /var/html/var/session/ tmpfs size=64,mode=0777 0 0
6 开启Magento后台里面的cache功能
这个对性能的提高很重要，不需要重新分析那些xml配置文件，一些模板文件， 但请注意，开发过程中不要开启这个功能，不然不能即时看到更新， 生产系统一定要开启。
由于Magento自带的Compile功能还是Beta版，目前发现开启后，Magento Connect 和 AW_Blog有bug出现，由于是Beta建议生产系统中不要开启，避免不必要的异常出现。
通过采用Nginx服务器和上面的6点优化，Magento的性能完全没有问题.
十月 16th, 2010 at 00:59
magento放着虚拟空间速度有点慢哦，这里的不知道有用没，不过先谢谢了。
十月 18th, 2010 at 08:32
nginx下运行mageto会比apache快一些，主要是Mageto程序比较复杂，相对国内一些开源网店系统，都会慢一点。
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