h

mysql负载均衡完美解决方案V1.0

Author:gaojinbo
Time:2011-2-14

mysql负载均衡完美解决方案V1.0

1.环境：
mysql 5

ubuntu10.04 x86_64

 

mdb1        eth0    192.168.5.11
mdb2        eth0    192.168.5.12

sdb1        eth0    192.168.5.21
sdb2        eth0    192.168.5.22
sdb3        eth0    192.168.5.23
sdb4        eth0    192.168.5.24

haproxy
eth0    192.168.5.10    (mdb  vip write)
eth1    192.168.5.20    (sdb  vip read)

说明：mdb vip用于DB的写，sdb vip用于DB读，实现读写分离和负载均衡，带故障检测自动切换

 

2.架构图
web1    web2    web3
|              |          |
—————————-
|
haproxy(lb db write/read)
|
———————————-
|                                |
mdb1                     mdb2
|                              |
————–             —————-
|             |              |            |
sdb1    sdb2        sdb3      sdb4

说明：
1）mdb1和mdb1配置成主-主模式，相互同步,通过haproxy提供一个lb的写ip
2）sdb1和sdb2配置为mdb1的从，sdb3和sdb4配置为mdb2的从
3）sdb1,sdb2,sdb3,sdb4这4台从库，通过haproxy提供一个lb的读ip
4) 当mdb2停止复制，mdb1为主库，haproxy停止发送请求到mdb2和sdb3,sdb4
5) 当mdb1停止复制，mdb2为主库，haproxy停止发送请求到mdb1和sdb1,sdb2
6) 当mdb1和mdb2同时停止复制，这时2台主库变成readonly模式，数据库不能写入
7）当mdb2 offline时，mdb1进入backup mode,停止发送请求到mdb2,sdb3,sdb4
8）当mdb1 offline时，mdb2进入backup mode,停止发送请求到mdb1,sdb1,sdb2
9) 当mdb1 mdb2同时offline,整个DB停止工作

 

 

3.安装mysql-server
登录mdb1,mdb2,sdb1,sdb2,sdb3,sdb4，输入以下命令进行安装：
apt-get install mysql-server -y

安装时会提示输入mysql root用户密码，输入gaojinbo.com

修改mysql配置，监听所有接口
vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf
修改为：
bind-address            = 0.0.0.0

重启mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql restart

 

 

4.配置mdb1,mdb2主-主同步
1)mdb1:
vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf
server-id               = 1
log_bin                 = mysql-bin

log-slave-updates                #很重要，从前一台机器上同步过来的数据才能同步到下一台机器
expire_logs_days        = 10
max_binlog_size         = 100M
auto_increment_offset    = 1
auto_increment_increment = 2

 

2)mdb2:
vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf
server-id               = 2
log_bin                 = mysql-bin

log-slave-updates                #很重要，从前一台机器上同步过来的数据才能同步到下一台机器
expire_logs_days        = 10
max_binlog_size         = 100M
auto_increment_offset    = 2
auto_increment_increment = 2

 

3)mdb1和mdb2:
重启mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql restart

添加复制用户
mysql -uroot -pgaojinbo.com
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO ‘repl’@’192.168.5.%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘gaojinbo’;

记录日志文件和pos
mysql -uroot -pgaojinbo.com
show master status\G

 

 

4)mdb1:
change master to master_host=’192.168.5.12′,master_port=3306,master_user=’repl’,master_password=’gaojinbo’,master_log_file=’mysql-bin.000003′,master_log_pos=106;
start slave;
show slave status\G
说明：mysql-bin.000003和106是主库配置第3)步记录的信息

出现以下内容，说明同步ok
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

 

5)mdb2:
change master to master_host=’192.168.5.11′,master_port=3306,master_user=’repl’,master_password=’gaojinbo’,master_log_file=’mysql-bin.000001′,master_log_pos=249;
start slave;
show slave status\G
说明：mysql-bin.000001和249是主库配置第3)步记录的信息

出现以下内容，说明同步ok
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

 

 

6）测试主-主同步
mdb1:
mysql -uroot -pgaojinbo.com
show databases;
create database gaojinbo;

mdb2:
mysql -uroot -pgaojinbo.com
show databases;
即可看到在mdb1上建立的数据库gaojinbo

 

至此mdb1,mdb2主-主配置完成！

 

 

5.4台从库配置
sdb1-4配置(注：server-id不能相同)：
vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf
server-id               = 3
log_bin                 = mysql-bin

重启mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql restart

 

sdb1和sdb2配置成mdb1的从库:
mysql -uroot -pgaojinbo.com
change master to master_host=’192.168.5.11′,master_port=3306,master_user=’repl’,master_password=’gaojinbo’,master_log_file=’mysql-bin.000001′,master_log_pos=345;
start slave;
show slave status\G
说明：mysql-bin.000001和345是主库配置第3)步记录的信息

出现以下内容，说明同步ok
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

 

sdb3和sdb4配置成mdb2的从库:
change master to master_host=’192.168.5.12′,master_port=3306,master_user=’repl’,master_password=’gaojinbo’,master_log_file=’mysql-bin.000003′,master_log_pos=106;
start slave;
show slave status\G
说明：mysql-bin.000003和106是主库配置第3)步记录的信息

出现以下内容，说明同步ok
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

 

测试：
mdb1:
mysql -uroot -pgaojinbo.com
show databases;
create database eossc;

在其他DB上，这时会看到刚建立的数据库eossc

 

至此4台从数据库配置完成！

 

6.编写mysql检测脚本
1）mdb1和mdb2:
vi /etc/xinetd.d/mysqlchk
#
# /etc/xinetd.d/mysqlchk
#
service mysqlchk_write
{
flags           = REUSE
socket_type     = stream
port            = 9200
wait            = no
user            = nobody
server          = /opt/mysqlchk_status.sh
log_on_failure  += USERID
disable         = no
only_from       = 192.168.5.0/24 # recommended to put the IPs that need
# to connect exclusively (security purposes)
}

service mysqlchk_replication
{
flags           = REUSE
socket_type     = stream
port            = 9201
wait            = no
user            = nobody
server          = /opt/mysqlchk_replication.sh
log_on_failure  += USERID
disable         = no
only_from       = 192.168.5.0/24 # recommended to put the IPs that need
# to connect exclusively (security purposes)
}

添加服务端口
vi /etc/services
mysqlchk_write      9200/tcp                #mysqlchk_write
mysqlchk_replication    9201/tcp                #mysqlchk_replication

mdb1上操作：
vi /opt/mysqlchk_status.sh
#!/bin/bash

MYSQL_HOST=”192.168.5.11″
MYSQL_PORT=”3306″
MYSQL_USERNAME=”root”
MYSQL_PASSWORD=”gaojinbo.com”

ERROR_MSG=`/usr/bin/mysql –host=$MYSQL_HOST –port=$MYSQL_PORT –user=$MYSQL_USERNAME –password=$MYSQL_PASSWORD -e “show databases;” 2>/dev/null`

if [ "$ERROR_MSG" != "" ]
then
# mysql is fine, return http 200
/bin/echo -e “HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “Content-Type: Content-Type: text/plain\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “MySQL is running.\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “\r\n”
else
# mysql is down, return http 503
/bin/echo -e “HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “Content-Type: Content-Type: text/plain\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “MySQL is *down*.\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “\r\n”
fi

vi /opt/mysqlchk_replication.sh
#!/bin/bash

MYSQL_HOST=”192.168.5.11″
MYSQL_PORT=”3306″
MYSQL_USERNAME=”root”
MYSQL_PASSWORD=”gaojinbo.com”

/usr/bin/mysql –host=$MYSQL_HOST –port=$MYSQL_PORT –user=$MYSQL_USERNAME –password=$MYSQL_PASSWORD -e “show slave status\G;” >/tmp/check_repl.txt

iostat=`grep “Slave_IO_Running” /tmp/check_repl.txt |awk ‘{print $2}’ `
sqlstat=`grep “Slave_SQL_Running” /tmp/check_repl.txt |awk ‘{print $2}’ `

#echo iostat:$iostat and sqlstat:$sqlstat

if [ "$iostat" = "No" ] || [ "$sqlstat" = "No" ];
then
# mysql is down, return http 503
/bin/echo -e “HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “Content-Type: Content-Type: text/plain\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “MySQL replication  is *down*.\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “\r\n”
else
# mysql is fine, return http 200
/bin/echo -e “HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “Content-Type: Content-Type: text/plain\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “MySQL replication is running.\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “\r\n”
fi

测试同步检测脚本：
mysql -uroot -pgaojinbo.com
stop slave sql_thread; #或者  stop slave io_thread;

/opt/mysqlchk_replication.sh

mdb2上操作：
添加和mdb1一样的脚本，把
/opt/mysqlchk_status.sh        里面的192.168.5.11修改为192.168.5.12
/opt/mysqlchk_replication.sh    里面的192.168.5.11修改为192.168.5.12

 

2）sdb1,sdb2,sdb3,sdb4上操作：
vi /etc/xinetd.d/mysqlchk
#
# /etc/xinetd.d/mysqlchk
#

service mysqlchk_replication
{
flags           = REUSE
socket_type     = stream
port            = 9201
wait            = no
user            = nobody
server          = /opt/mysqlchk_replication.sh
log_on_failure  += USERID
disable         = no
only_from       = 192.168.5.0/24 # recommended to put the IPs that need
# to connect exclusively (security purposes)
}

vi /opt/mysqlchk_replication.sh
#!/bin/bash

MYSQL_HOST=”192.168.5.21″
MYSQL_PORT=”3306″
MYSQL_USERNAME=”root”
MYSQL_PASSWORD=”gaojinbo.com”

/usr/bin/mysql –host=$MYSQL_HOST –port=$MYSQL_PORT –user=$MYSQL_USERNAME –password=$MYSQL_PASSWORD -e “show slave status\G;” >/tmp/check_repl.txt

iostat=`grep “Slave_IO_Running” /tmp/check_repl.txt |awk ‘{print $2}’ `
sqlstat=`grep “Slave_SQL_Running” /tmp/check_repl.txt |awk ‘{print $2}’ `

#echo iostat:$iostat and sqlstat:$sqlstat

if [ "$iostat" = "No" ] || [ "$sqlstat" = "No" ];
then
# mysql is down, return http 503
/bin/echo -e “HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “Content-Type: Content-Type: text/plain\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “MySQL replication  is *down*.\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “\r\n”
else
# mysql is fine, return http 200
/bin/echo -e “HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “Content-Type: Content-Type: text/plain\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “MySQL replication is running.\r\n”
/bin/echo -e “\r\n”
fi

注：脚本/opt/mysqlchk_replication.sh里面的ip
sdb1    MYSQL_HOST=”192.168.5.21″
sdb2    MYSQL_HOST=”192.168.5.22″
sdb3    MYSQL_HOST=”192.168.5.23″
sdb4    MYSQL_HOST=”192.168.5.24″

添加服务端口
vi /etc/services
mysqlchk_replication    9201/tcp                #mysqlchk_replication

 

3)所有DB上操作：
增加检测脚本执行权限
chmod +x /opt/mysql*.sh

重启系统
reboot

查看监听端口
netstat -antup|grep xinetd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:9200            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      903/xinetd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:9201            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      903/xinetd

注：sdb只有9201监听

 

待续。。。

原始文档下载：hugwww-mysql负载均衡完美解决方案V1.0

相关日志：

• mysql负载均衡完美解决方案V1.0 第二部分
• HAproxy 1.4.17 下载
• MySQL热备份工具 XtraBackup 1.6.2 发布
• mysql崩溃 异常 锁表 慢解决方法
• 修改mysql的root密码的几种方法
• ubuntu 10.04禁止mysql开机启动
• Nginx HttpGeoIPModule with X_Forwarded and HAProxy
• centos编译安装mysql5.5.9
• MySQL出错代码列表
• ubuntu下配置mysql主从同步最新版V1.1