管理员必备的20个Linux系统监控工具3
free – 内存使用情况
free命令显示系统中空闲的、已用的物理内存及swap内存,及被内核使用的buffer。
# free
输出样例：
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 12302896 9739664 2563232 0 523124 5154740
-/+ buffers/cache: 4061800 8241096
Swap: 1052248 0 1052248
iostat – CPU平均负载，硬盘活动
iostat命令可报告中央处理器（CPU）的统计信息，各种设备、分区及网络文件系统输入/输出的统计信息。
# iostat
输出样例：
Linux 2.6.18-128.1.14.el5 (www03.nixcraft.in) 06/26/2009
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
3.50 0.09 0.51 0.03 0.00 95.86
Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
sda 22.04 31.88 512.03 16193351 260102868
sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 2166 180
sda2 22.04 31.87 512.03 16189010 260102688
sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 1615 0
sar – 搜集和报告系统活动
sar命令用来搜集、报告和储存系统活动信息。查看网路计数器，输入：
# sar -n DEV | more
显示最近24小时网络计数器
# sar -n DEV -f /var/log/sa/sa24 | more
你亦可以用sar显示实时情况
# sar 4 5
输出样例：
Linux 2.6.18-128.1.14.el5 (www03.nixcraft.in) 06/26/2009
06:45:12 PM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
06:45:16 PM all 2.00 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.00 97.78
06:45:20 PM all 2.07 0.00 0.38 0.03 0.00 97.52
06:45:24 PM all 0.94 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.00 98.78
06:45:28 PM all 1.56 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.00 98.22
06:45:32 PM all 3.53 0.00 0.25 0.03 0.00 96.19
Average: all 2.02 0.00 0.27 0.01 0.00 97.70
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